讲故事与叙事2012go.bloomberg.com
一次谷歌搜索如何揭穿迈克·戴西的苹果—富士康故事
How a Google Search Unraveled Mike Daisey’s Apple-Foxconn Story
导读
这篇讲的是：Mike Daisey 关于苹果与富士康的舞台叙事被一次谷歌搜索戳穿，其中虚构的枪、受伤工人和童工等细节引发争议。它值得写作者读，因为它逼我们正视“讲故事”和“新闻报道”的边界：一旦使用真实人名、地点和事件，观众就会把叙述当成事实，作者也就负有核查与说明的责任。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
只要作品使用真实人名、地点和事件，并让人以为在讲事实，就必须逐项核实；否则一句“这是戏剧”无法免责。
- 02
具体细节最容易被核查，也最容易毁掉整篇可信度：写前保留资料来源，写后主动做事实核查。
- 03
不要因为“真实故事不够刺激”就添加枪、受害者或童工等戏剧化元素；先问真实材料是否已足够有力。
- 04
若确实需要艺术加工或合成人物，应明确标注虚构，或去掉真实身份信息，避免读者误认。
- 05
把事实与虚构混在一起时，要区分“哪些是真的、哪些是编的”，并让编辑或合作方也承担核查责任。
HN 评论精选
以“我不是记者”为借口回避事实责任，暴露了叙事伦理和新闻核查的失守。
Daisey 写道：“我做的不是新闻。戏剧的工具不同于新闻的工具。”我们还要听到多少次这种借口——从多少“娱乐者不是记者”“博主不是记者”“评论员不是记者”“小说家不是记者”的人口中——才会承认现代新闻业本身有根本问题？我不在乎他怎么称呼自己；他清楚自己的说法会被当成事实，却在有人真正去核查前不作澄清。顺便问一句：TAL 或其他转播方的事实核查者当时在哪里？我们追求耸动和时效，欣然让新闻与叙事伦理萎缩。可悲的是，一个本有 compelling 故事的人却觉得必须修饰记录来迎合受众期待。为什么真实信息不被认为足够有力？如果他真觉得必须进入虚构才能抓住艺术本质，为什么又保留真实姓名、真实人物和真实地点？
jonnathanson查看英文原文
"'What I do is not journalism,' Daisey wrote. 'The tools of the theater are not the same as the tools of journalism.'" How many times are we going to hear this excuse -- and from how many "entertainers, not journalists," or "bloggers, not journalists," or "pundits, not journalists," or "novelists, not journalists" -- before we conclude that something is fundamentally flawed with the state of modern journalism? I don't care what Daisey chooses to call himself or his work; he knew full well that the claims he made would be interpreted as factual, and he did nothing to set the record straight until someone actually decided to fact-check him. (Where, for the record, were the fact checkers at TAL, or at any other rebroadcaster of Daisey's story?). In our urge for salaciousness and timeliness, we've happily allowed our journalistic and storytelling ethics to atrophy. In this case, it's sad that someone with a genuinely compelling story to tell (Daisey) felt he needed to embellish the record to appeal to a set of audience expectations, real or imagined. Why wasn't the set of legitimately factual information deemed compelling enough for this story? Alternatively, if he truly felt that crossing into the realm of fiction was necessary to capture the artistic essence of this story, then why did he keep real names, real players, and real locations intact? Many people share some blame in this phenomenon, as far as I'm concerned. The issue seems so pervasive as to be a broader problem of cultural expectations and incentives, and no longer a series of individual failings from a string of perpetrators (of whom Daisey is just the latest in a long line). Regardless, it's troubling.
把真假逐条对照，是处理这类争议最实用的核查方式。
有没有人能把他说过的话做成两栏清单：哪些是真的、哪些是假的？前者应该比后者有趣得多。
huhtenberg查看英文原文
Does anyone have two side-by-side bullet point lists of what this guy said was true and what was false? With the former being far more interesting than latter.
核心事实可能为真，但关键戏剧细节是捏造的；真假混杂最危险。
到底有多少真、多少假？目前读到的说法是：没有枪，那个手被压碎的人不存在，Daisey 也没看到未成年工人。但工人确实被逼得极辛苦，有人威胁并尝试自杀，还有人确实被正己烷毒害。
Natsu查看英文原文
So how much was true and how much was a lie? So far, the accounts I've read say that there were no guns, that guy who had his hand crushed doesn't exist, and Daisey didn't see under-aged workers. But they apparently really do work their guys incredibly hard, workers did threaten (and attempt) suicide, and some actually were poisoned by n-hexane.
同类还值得读
Pixar in a Box：可汗学院的皮克斯讲故事课
Pixar in a Box – Khan Academy
这篇是 Khan Academy 与 Pixar 合作的“Pixar in a Box”项目介绍，用计算机图形和动画制作来讲解数学概念。
讲故事与叙事2015 · 753 分 · 65 评4 条写作要点编辑精选皮克斯的讲故事法则
Pixar's Rules of Storytelling (2013)
这是皮克斯动画工作室流传甚广的 22 条讲故事法则清单，从“从前有个___，每天___，有一天___”的骨架，到如何重写自己讨厌的作品。
讲故事与叙事2018 · 513 分 · 74 评4 条写作要点编辑精选皮克斯通过可汗学院提供免费在线讲故事课程
Pixar offers free online lessons in storytelling via Khan Academy
这篇报道介绍皮克斯与可汗学院合作的免费在线课程《讲故事的艺术》，把皮克斯内部的故事创作方法公开给普通学习者。
讲故事与叙事2017 · 503 分 · 93 评4 条写作要点编辑精选用皮克斯的故事公式说服投资人
Use Pixar's story formula to win over investors
这篇文章借用皮克斯的故事公式（以《海底总动员》为例）来示范如何给投资人讲创业路演故事：先讲目标、再讲障碍、最后讲改变。
讲故事与叙事2021 · 439 分 · 188 评4 条写作要点编辑精选贝索斯如何把叙事变成亚马逊的竞争优势
Jeff Bezos Turned Narrative into Amazon's Competitive Advantage
这篇讲杰夫·贝索斯如何把“六页叙事备忘录”变成亚马逊的管理与竞争优势：用可独立阅读的叙述性文档替代口头汇报和 PowerPoint。
讲故事与叙事2019 · 435 分 · 181 评4 条写作要点编辑精选