讲故事与叙事2014slaverystories.org
Show HN：SlaveryStories.org——美国奴隶回忆录合集
Show HN: SlaveryStories.org – Memoirs from American Slaves
导读
这个 Show HN 介绍 SlaveryStories.org，汇集美国奴隶的口述史与回忆录。评论围绕如何阅读这类叙事展开：它们既记录制度性压迫，也涉及修辞如何为制度辩护、解放后的现实困境与人性尊严。对写作者而言，值得学习的是第一人称材料的重量、命名与框架，以及避免把群体历史窄化为单一苦难叙事。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
给作品命名时明确时间与范围，避免读者把历史题材误读为当代议题。
- 02
写口述史或回忆录时，让亲历者以第一人称发声，具体细节比概括更有力，也能恢复被叙述者的尊严。
- 03
分析压迫制度时，不要只停在族群对立，要追问人性、修辞和制度遗毒如何运作。
- 04
书写受压迫群体时，除了苦难，也要呈现其创造、成就与完整生活，避免单一叙事。
HN 评论精选
标题容易被读成现代奴役，提醒命名要明确范围，也提示历史议题与当下关联。
看到“slavery stories”时我愣了一下，以为有人建站谈现代奴役故事。CNN 有专题，估计今天全球有 2000 万到 3000 万人从事强迫劳动。奴隶制至今仍存在，尽管其历史和后遗症已为人所知，这个议题需要更多关注。
lmg643查看英文原文
When I saw "slavery stories" - I did a double take - I thought someone was putting up a website to talk about modern day slavery stories. CNN has a good site up on this subject - estimated 20-30 million people work in forced labor around the world today. http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/category/the-facts/ The fact that slavery persists to this day, despite the known history and aftereffects, is an important subject that needs more awareness.
口述史揭示解放不等于真正自由，也展示修辞如何为制度辩护。
我最近读了《When I Was a Slave: Memoirs from the Slave Narrative Collection》，其中收录大萧条时期公共事业项目对奴隶的采访。很多受访者已九十多岁，经历过解放前后。最一致的信息是：被剥夺生存技能的被压迫群体获自由后，要在充满敌意的环境（如吉姆·克劳法）中自力更生，对那代人像换了一个问题。书中还提到非裔母乳喂养率远低，并追溯到奴隶时代女性的经历。读这类文献很重要，能看出一个多世纪前人们如何用修辞说服自己奴隶制没问题。
shriphani查看英文原文
I was recently reading this book: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00A735906/ (title: When I Was a Slave: Memoirs from the Slave Narrative Collection) It contains interviews with slaves that were part of a public-works program geared towards writers/musicians and other white-collar workers during the great depression. It was a particularly fascinating text since lots of the interviewees were in their 90s and thus had experienced both the pre- and post-emancipation eras. The most consistent message I saw was that a group of oppressed people who had not been allowed to acquire any of the skills one needs to survive had been set free and asked to fend for themselves in a very hostile environment (jim crow laws and so on) and thus for most of that generation, it was like trading one problem for another. Also, there are several statistics compiled where the african-american community features as an outlier. For instance, breast-feeding rates in that community are far lower than the rest of the US [1]. I didn't know that this was a result of what women in the slavery-era went through but learned that from the book. It is important to read literature from this era. Tells us a lot about how just over a century ago, people employed rhetoric to convince themselves that slavery was really ok (see the talking points of the "overseers" and "speculators"). [1] http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/content/43/3/1.3.full
历史叙事不要窄化为苦难，应呈现群体的完整面貌与成就。
网站做得不错，我很期待去看。但有点恼火：这些奴隶故事总在黑人历史月出现，好像黑人的全部历史只有奴隶制和民权斗争。其实还有很多人不知道的黑人诗人、艺术家、发明家、科学家和知识分子。希望也能关注这些方面，或至少投入与分享奴隶制真相相当的努力。
1dundundun查看英文原文
The site is well done and I look forward to checking it out. It does irritate me a bit when all of these slave stories always come out during black history month as if black peoples entire history consists of slavery and then the civil rights struggle. There are black poets, artists, inventors, scientists and intellectuals that nobody really knows about. It would be cool to put some focus on that aspect or at least let it match the amount of effort put into sharing the chilling truths of slavery in America...
叙事应超越族群归罪，聚焦人性与制度遗毒，称谓也体现尊严。
很喜欢这个网站。我最近在读奴隶叙事，从《十二 Years a Slave》到《Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl》，再到弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的叙事，读来揪心。读者容易陷入黑人与白人、种族主义等动态，但美国奴隶制的核心是人性堕落；只聚焦各族群有罪无罪会错失重点。这类恶存在于全人类，这些叙事展示它在美洲的具体语境，也能帮我们理解当代社会。400 多年制度的触角仍在腐蚀人心。另：标题或许更适合叫“Memoirs from American Enslaved People”，因为这些人长期不被当作人，承认其人性尊严是合适的。
jfc查看英文原文
Really like the site. I've been reading the narratives of enslaved people lately, starting with 12 Years a Slave, then Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and started reading Frederick Douglass' narratives. Harrowing reads. For anyone reading these narratives: it's easy to get caught up in the dynamic of blacks and whites, racism, and the like, but the core issue of American slavery is the depravity of humanity. Focusing on the guilt/non-guilt/whatever of various ethnic groups quite misses the point. Evils of this type exist across humanity; these enslavement narratives show us the particular context of how this depravity played out in America. They also provides us with some insight into contemporary issues in our society. The tentacles of a 400+ year institution like slavery, and their corroding influence, continue to wrap themselves around hearts and minds open to their venom. The narratives are very worthwhile reading. Sidenote: I think the site title might be better termed as Memoirs from American Enslaved People. For so long these people were not acknowledged as human beings, and it seems appropriate to acknowledge the dignity of their humanity.
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